What Causes COPD?

COPD, Power to the Patient, Respiratory Health
on February 29, 2012

COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is the third leading cause of death in the United States, according to the American Lung Association. COPD refers to more than one condition. It is a group of lung diseases in which airflow is blocked upon exhalation. People with COPD have difficulties breathing and may suffer from chronic asthmatic bronchitis, emphysema or a combination of both. The Mayo Clinic reports COPD is caused by long-term exposure to airborne irritants.

Smoking. Smoking and tobacco usage are the leading cause of COPD. Long-term smokers are at a high risk for COPD. Cigarette smoking is not the only cause, however — pipe and cigar smokers are at risk, too. About 85 percent to 90 percent of deaths from COPD are a result of smoking. And, unfortunately, if you are a smoker, your secondhand smoke can put those around you at risk for COPD, as well.

Air pollutants. Anyone working around air pollutants, such as industrial smoke, dust or toxic chemicals including silica, is at a higher risk for COPD.

Genes. According to the American Lung Association, about 100,000 Americans, typically descended from northern Europe, have a genetic protein deficiency known as alpha-1 anti-trypsin or AAT deficiency. However, the Lung Association reports as many as 20 million Americans may have a “single deficient gene that causes Alpha-1 and that gene can be passed from parent to child. Blood screening and a simple DNA swab test can be performed to check for this gene deficiency. If you have the AAT deficiency, you may be affected by COPD even if you never smoke. Smoking will significantly increase your risk of COPD if you have AAT deficiency.

Wood smoke. The smoke from an improperly ventilated wood burning stove can cause COPD if exposure is frequent.

Other causes. If you are older than 40, a former smoker and have a family history of respiratory issues, you are at risk for COPD.