What Is a Hernia?

Digestive Health, Healthy Aging
on February 13, 2012

Hernias can range from barely noticeable to serious health threats. The National Institutes of Health explains, “A hernia occurs when part of an internal organ bulges through a weak area of muscle. Most hernias occur in the abdomen.” Some types of hernias, such as a hiatal hernia, may be able to be managed by simple lifestyle changes. Other hernias must be dealt with surgically in order to avoid potentially deadly complications.

Common causes. Depending on the type of hernia, it may be the result of a genetic defect in the muscle around the affected area or may be the result of mechanical damage due to overexertion. Abdominal hernias often occur as the result of trying to lift too much weight and using unsafe lifting practices. Hernias are also more likely to occur at the site of surgical incisions, especially if you are overweight or put a lot of strain on the area. In addition, smoking, poor diet, chronic cough and constipation, as well as a number of other health issues, may increase your risk of developing a hernia.

Potential complications. While some hernias may not require medical intervention due to a very low risk of complications, others may result in serious issues such as necrosis, nerve damage and fertility. None of these complications are particularly common with timely hernia treatment, though some of the top hernia-related complications include bowel perforation, numbness and itching due to nerve damage. Secondary issues from hiatal hernias include chronic heartburn and potential esophageal damage from acid reflux. Many hernias are associated with pain and discomfort and may also constitute an increased risk of infection.

Prevention. The easiest way to prevent a hernia is to maintain a healthy weight and to work and exercise carefully when there is weight involved. You are much more likely to suffer herniation if you are overweight or obese, since this already places a lot of strain on your muscles and may cause high blood pressure. Drink plenty of water and consistently eat a well-rounded, high-fiber diet in order to avoid constipation. If you have difficulty urinating, don’t just ignore it — it could be a sign of a more serious issue and may also lead to herniation. Regular moderate exercise will also help improve the strength and flexibility of your muscles and other supporting structures, effectively reducing your risk of hernias and other such injuries.